CdTe X 射線和伽馬射線探測器

碲化鎘 ( CdTe ) 探測器是一種熱電冷卻型 X 射線探測器，有多種前置放大器配置可供選擇。 碲化鎘探測器具有很高的停止功率，非常適合要求在高達 100 keV 能量下具有很高探測效率的應用。 碲化鎘探測器性能好、體積小、成本低，非常適合稀土金屬、鉛、金、鈾和其他高 Z 值材料 K 線的 X 射線管監測和 ED-XRF 應用。

現在可提供厚度為 1 密耳（25 µm）的石墨視窗，由 100% 碳製成，能量傳送性能相當於 4 密耳（100 µm）的 Be 視窗。

XR-100CdTe 是一種高性能X 射線和伽馬射線探測器、前置放大器和冷卻器系統，採用5 x 5 x 1 mm的碲化鎘（CdTe）二極體探測器，安裝在雙極熱電冷卻器 上。XR-100-CdTe 能夠偵測從幾 keV 到幾百 keV 的能量，效率峰值為 10 到 100 keV。

XR-100CdTe 的電源最好由 PX5 提供。PX5 由交流電源轉接器直流供電，提供可變數位脈衝整形放大器（峰值時間為 0.2 µs 至 100 µs）、MCA 功能以及探測器和前置放大器所需的所有電源。同時，PX5  還可透過 USB、RS-232 或乙太網路與個人電腦連接。 XR-100CdTe/PX5 系統可確保在接通電源後一分鐘內穩定運作。

圖 1. 使用 Amptek XR-100CdTe 和 PX5 拍攝的  57Co光譜

產品應用

• 醫用 X 射線和伽馬射線檢測： Mamography 和放射學
• X 射線管的特性：直接輸出光譜、電流穩定性
• X 射線螢光
• 藝術與考古
• 可攜式 X 射線和伽馬射線儀器
• X 射線和伽馬射線研究
• 教學
• 核電廠監測
• 鈾和鈽探測

產品特點

• 碲化鎘二極體探測器
• 熱電（珀爾帖）冷卻器
• 冷卻型場效電晶體
• 溫度監控器
• 石墨或鈹視窗
• 密封封裝（TO-8）

XR-100CdTe 連接器

6 針 Lemo 連接器引腳輸出

碲化鎘（CdTe）檢測效率
對於 1 mm 厚的 CdTe 和 4 mil 的 Be 或 1 mil 的石墨視窗（視窗以低能量響應為主，1 mm 厚度定義高能量回應）。

圖 2. 1 keV 和 1 MeV 之間交互作用機率的對數圖

圖3. 10 keV 和 250 keV 之間相互作用概率的線性圖

用於 XR-100-CdTe 的 PX5 數位脈衝處理器、MCA 和電源

XR-100CdTe 的電源由 PX5 提供。 PX5 由交流電源轉接器直流供電，提供可變數位脈衝整形放大器（峰值時間為 0.2 µs 至 100 µs）、MCA 功能以及探測器和前置放大器所需的所有電源。 PX5 可透過 USB、RS232 或乙太網路與個人電腦連接。

XR-100CdTe/PX5 系統確保在通電後不到一分鐘的時間內穩定運作。

圖4. 此圖顯示了 AXR 混合感測器與機箱內電子元件之間的內部連接，以及與 PX5 的外部連接

  圖 5. 不同峰值時間的吞吐量。 XR-100CdTe 在 1 到 6 µs 的峰值時間內具有最佳解析度

The CdTe detector is a thermoelectrically cooled X-ray detector available in several preamplifier configuration options.  The high stopping power of CdTe makes excellent for applications requiring high detection efficiency at energies up to 100 keV.  Its performance, small size, and low cost make it ideal for applications including monitoring of X-ray tubes and ED-XRF on the K lines of rare earth metals, lead, gold, uranium, and other high Z materials.

Now available with Graphite Windows that are 1 mil (25 µm) thick, made of 100% carbon, and equivalent in Energy Transmission to 4 mil (100 µm) Be windows.

The XR-100CdTe is a high performance x-ray and gamma ray detector, preamplifier, and cooler system using 5 x 5 x 1 mm Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) diode detector mounted on a two-stage thermoelectric cooler.  The XR-100-CdTe is capable of detecting energies from a few keV to several hundreds of keV, with an efficiency that peaks from 10 to 100 keV.

Power to the XR-100CdTe is best provided by the PX5. The PX5 is DC powered by an AC adapter and provides a variable Digital Pulse Shaping Amplifier (0.2 µs to 100 µs peaking time), the MCA function, and all necessary power supplies for the detector and preamplifier. The PX5 connects via USB, RS-232, or Ethernet to a PC.  The XR-100CdTe/PX5 system ensures stable operation in less than one minute from power turn-on.
 

Figure 1. 57Co Spectrum take with the Amptek XR-100CdTe and PX5.

Applications

• Medical X-Ray and Gamma Ray Detection: Mammography and Radiology
• Characterization of x-ray tubes: direct output spectrum, current stability
• X-Ray Fluorescence
• Art and Archaeology
• Portable X-Ray and Gamma Ray Instruments
• X-Ray and Gamma Ray Research
• Teaching
• Nuclear Plant Monitoring
• Uranium and Plutonium Detection

Features

• CdTe Diode Detector
• Thermoelectric (Peltier) Cooler
• Cooled FET
• Temperature Monitor
• Graphite or Beryllium Window
• Hermetic Package (TO-8

XR-100CdTe X-Ray and Gamma Ray Detector

General
Detector type	Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Diode
Detector areas	5 x 5 mm (25 mm2)
Detector thickness	1 mm
Energy resolution @ 122 keV,  57Co	<1.5 keV FWHM
Dark counts	<5 x 10-3 counts/sec @ 10 keV < E < 1 MeV
Detector window	Graphite: 1 mil thick (25 µm) Be: 4 mil thick (100 µm)
Preamplifier – Amptek custom design	Reset
Case Size	3.00 x 1.75 x 1.13 in (7.6 x 4.4 x 2.9 cm)
Case weight	4.4 ounces (125 g)
Total power	Less than 1 watt
Operation conditions	0°C to +40°C
Storage and Shipping	Long term storage: 10+ years in dry environment Typical Storage and Shipping: -20°C to +50°C, 10 to 90% humidity non condensing
	TUV Certification Certificate #: CU 72072412 01 Tested to: UL 61010-1: 2004 R7 .05 CAN/CSA-C22.2 61010-1: 2004
Inputs
Preamp power	±8 volts @ 25 mA
Detector power	+500 volts @ 1 µA
Cooler power	Current = 350 mA maximum Voltage = 4 V maximum
Outputs
Preamplifier: Sensitivity Polarity	0.82 mV/keV Negative signal out (1 kohm max. load)
Temperature monitor: Sensitivity	PX5: direct reading in K through software.

XR-100CdTe Connectors

6-Pin Lemo Connector Pin Out

CdTe Detection Efficiency

For 1 mm thick CdTe and 4 mil Be or 1 mil Graphite window (window dominates low energy response, 1 mm thickness defines high energy response).

Figure 2. Log-log plot of interaction probability between 1 keV and 1 MeV.

Figure 3. Linear plot of interaction probability between 10 keV and 250 keV. 

For more information on the efficiency of the CdTe detector see the AN-CdTe-001 application note. Efficiency Package: A ZIP file of coefficients and a FAQ about efficiency. This package is provided for general information. It should not be used as a basis for critical quantitative analysis.
 

PX5 Digital Pulse Processor, MCA, and Power Supply for the XR-100-CdTe
Power to the XR-100CdTe is provided by the PX5. The PX5 is DC powered by an AC adaptor and provides a variable Digital Pulse Shaping Amplifier (0.2 µs to 100 µs peaking time), the MCA function, and all necessary power supplies for the detector and preamplifier. The PX5 connects via USB, RS232, or Ethernet to a PC.

The XR-100CdTe/PX5 system ensures stable operation in less than one minute from power turn-on.

Figure 4. This diagram shows the internal connections between the AXR hybrid sensor and the electronics within the case, as well as the external connections to the PX5.

Figure 5. Throughput for various peaking times. The XR-100CdTe provides the best resolution between 1 and 6 µs peaking time.