變壓器線上診斷和油處理系統 TOR-5

診斷模式

GlobeCore對變壓器狀態的診斷評估技術是基於通過感測器測量一些參數，依靠這些數據計算其它重要的參數，並將所有結果傳送給最終用戶。

可在它的應用程式中解釋變壓器參數的線上測量結果。我們總是可以看到測量值和計算值都在什麼範圍內。但關鍵的損害可能在幾天或幾小時內就會形成，如果參數的惡化是在下班後觀察到的，或者變壓器在很遠的地方，您可能來不及即時有效淨化和乾燥油。特別是在這種情況下，TOR-5裝置配備了一個乾燥和過濾絕緣油的系統。幫助用戶，當變壓器參數達到操作者設定的數值時，TOR-5自動從診斷評估模式切換到絕緣油過濾和乾燥模式。

GlobeCore的監測技術是基於使用絕緣油的相對濕度。水份是從環境中進入變壓器，例如，由於密封洩漏；因此，TOR-5系統通過它獨特的感測器以每分鐘一次、24小時/每天，一週7天測量以下參數：

• 變壓器頂部和底部油溫；
• 變壓器頂部和底部油的水份活度；
• 變壓器頂部和底部油的相對濕度；
• 周圍空氣溫度；
• 環境空氣相對濕度。

此外，高精度的氫氣感測器還被用作變壓器故障的指示器。氫氣在油中形成，是在150℃的溫度下已經形成的第一批氣體之一，佔油分子分解過程中釋放的所有氣體的59%。因此，這種氣體在絕緣油中的含量是一個相當有參考價值的參數，用於診斷評估可能的變壓器故障，特別是發生的局部放電。隨著絕緣油中的部分放電，最為脆弱的碳氫化合物鍵受到游離作用被破壞，繼而不斷積累氫氣。

所有的測量數據都通過網路用高速路由器傳輸到雲端服務器上。路由器包含在Linux環境下執行的專門軟體。通過Modbus/RS485協議接收來自系統的幾個分析參數，並通過HTTPS協議傳輸。路由器通過設備所在地的任何2G/3G/LTE行動網路連接到網際網路。

在雲端服務器上，其它參數使用特殊的公式計算，並提供關於變壓器狀態的更完整資訊：

• 變壓器頂部和底部油中的含水量；
• 變壓器頂部和底部固體絕緣中的含水量；
• 絕緣油的崩潰電壓；
• 油質指數。

因此，由於計算算法的應用，TOR-5系統中可用的訊息參數的數量大於已安裝的感測器的數量。更多的參數允許超越變壓器中水含量的簡單評估範圍，進而評估與油和紙絕緣中存在的水有關的各種風險。

絕緣油乾燥和過濾模式

在這種模式下，絕緣油從變壓器底部取出；接下來，它被按特定順序的泵送入一個過濾細密度為10µm的過濾器和三個吸附器（吸附劑盒），每個吸附器包含15公斤的鋁硅酸鹽( aluminosilicate )吸附劑，由具有微孔結構的顆粒組成。所使用的過濾器，機械雜質被由油中去除，而鋁硅酸鹽( aluminosilicate )吸附劑在其晶體中吸收並保留水分子。接著，純淨的乾性油被輸送到變壓器油箱的頂部。吸收和困住水的過程不需要對絕緣油進行加熱，無論溫度如何，都能以同樣的功效執行。油泵傳送速度為每小時30升，處理絕緣油時不需要斷開變壓器的連接，不受時間、天氣條件或維護人員存在的影響。

當絕緣油相關指數恢復正常後，TOR-5裝置自動從絕緣油乾燥和過濾模式切換回診斷模式。

由於變壓器中的水份處於不斷從油中向絕緣紙層遷移的狀態，反之亦然，油通過吸附器的循環不僅可以從油中去除水，還可以從絕緣紙層中去除水。因此，用戶可透由TOR-5系統，使其變壓器在其整個使用週期中保持乾燥。

系統組成

一套標準的TOR-5系統包括：

• 變壓器參數監測部分（兩個測量含水量和水份活度的感測器，一個氫氣傳感器，一個頂部油溫感測器，一個相對濕度和環境溫度感測器，一個用於創造輸入和輸出油溫差的加熱器，一個高速路由器）。
• 壓器油處理部分（三個吸收劑盒，一個輸送泵，一個監測過濾器堵塞率的壓力感測器，一個電子油表，一個托盤中溢油的浮子感測器，一個變壓器油箱中的油位感測器）。
• 專屬的應用程序軟體託管在雲端服務或Linux環境的虛擬伺服器上。同時，接收來自TOR-5單元的數據，將其累積到數據庫中，進行必要的計算，並即時向用戶提供從感測器收到的原始數值和使用公式計算後的數值。

TOR-5系統使用軟管或金屬管連接到變壓器上。連接由一個人通過雙扣式快速接頭在幾分鐘內完成。TOR 5與散熱器片的連接也是能夠的。 TOR-5可以連接到任何油浸式變壓器上，無論品牌和它的生命壽命如何，它都會忠實的保護您的重要資產。

Diagnostic mode

GlobeCore technology for diagnostic evaluation of transformers status is based on measuring some parameters by means of sensors, calculating other important parameters in reliance on these data, and transmitting all the results to the end user.

Interpretation of the results of online measurements of transformer parameters is available in the web application. We can always see what range measured and calculated values are within. But critical damage can develop in a matter of days and hours, and if the deterioration of parameters is observed on a day off work, or the transformer is very far away, you may never get a change to purify and dry the oil. Specifically for such cases, TOR-5 unit is equipped with a system for drying and filtering the insulating oil. When the transformer parameters reach the values set by the operator, TOR-5 automatically switches from the diagnostic evaluation mode to the insulating oil filtration and drying mode.

GlobeCore monitoring technique is based on using the relative humidity of insulating oil. Water can enter the transformer from the environment, for example, due to seal leaks; therefore, TOR-5 system measures the following parameters by means of sensors once a minute, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week:

• temperature of transformer top and bottom oil;
• active water in transformer top and bottom oil;
• relative humidity of transformer top and bottom oil;
• ambient air temperature;
• relative humidity of ambient air.

A high-precision hydrogen sensor is additionally used as an indicator of transformer malfunctions. Hydrogen is formed in oil as one of the first gases already at the temperature of 150 degrees Celsius and accounts for up to 59% of all the gases released during the decomposition of oil molecules. Therefore, the content of this gas in insulating oil is a rather informative parameter for diagnostic evaluation of possible transformer malfunctions, in particular, occurring partial discharges. With partial discharges in oil, the weakest hydrocarbon bonds are broken through ionization with accumulation of hydrogen.

All measured data are transmitted via the Internet to a cloud server using a high-speed router. The router contains specialized software run in Linux environment. This software receives several analyzed parameters from sensors via Modbus/RS485 protocol and transfers them via HTTPS protocol. The router is connected to the Internet via any 2G/3G/LTE mobile network available at the location of the equipment.

On the cloud server, other parameters are calculated using special formulas and give more complete information about the transformer status:

• water content in transformer top and bottom oil;
• water content in solid insulation at transformer top and bottom;
• breakdown voltage of oil;
• oil quality index.

Thus, the quantity of information parameters available in TOR-5 system is greater than the quantity of installed sensors due to the application of calculation algorithms. More parameters allow going beyond the scope of simple assessment of water content in the transformer and proceeding to assess various risks associated with the presence of water in oil and paper insulation.

Oil Drying and Filtration mode

In this mode, the oil is taken from the transformer bottom; next, it is sequentially pumped through a filter with the filtration fineness of ten microns and three adsorbers (sorbent cartridges) each of which contains 15 kilograms of aluminosilicate sorbent consisting of granules with a microporous structure. Using a filter, mechanical impurities are removed from the oil, and the aluminosilicate sorbent absorbs and retains water molecules in its crystals. After that, pure and dry oil is fed to the top of the transformer tank. The process of absorbing and entrapping the water does not require heating the oil and runs with the same efficacy regardless of the temperature. The pumping speed is 30 liters per hour, and the oil is processed without disconnecting the transformer, regardless of the time of day, weather conditions, or the presence of maintenance staff.

After the oil parameters return to normal, TOR-5 unit automatically switches back from the oil filtration and drying mode to the parameters monitoring mode.

Due to the fact that the water in the transformer is in a state of constant migration from oil to paper insulation and vice versa, the circulation of oil through the adsorbers allows removing the water not only from the oil, but also from the paper insulation. Thus, owing to TOR-5 system, the transformer remains dry throughout its service life.

Standard Complete

A standard complete set of TOR-5 system includes:

• transformer parameters monitoring section (two sensors for moisture content and active water measurement, a hydrogen sensor, a top oil temperature sensor, a relative humidity and ambient temperature sensor, a heater for creating the temperature difference between input and output oil, a high-speed router);
• transformer oil processing section (three sorbent cartridges, a transfer pump, a pressure sensor for monitoring the filter clogging rate, an electronic oil meter, a float sensor for oil spill in the tray, an oil level sensor in the transformer tank);
• web application that is hosted in a cloud service or on a virtual server in Linux environment. The web application receives data from TOR-5 units, accumulates them in the database, performs the necessary calculations, and provides the user on a real-time basis with the initial parameters received from the sensors and the parameters calculated using the formulas.

TOR-5 system is connected to the transformer using hoses or pipelines. The connection is made by one person via camlock quick couplings in a few minutes. Connection to radiator fins is also possible. TOR-5 can be connected to any oil-filled transformer regardless of brand and operational life.